Επιπτώσεις των γραμμικών μετασχηματισμών στα μέτρα θέσης και διασποράς

Author

Κώστας Κούδας

Published

February 15, 2026

⚠️️ΥΠΟ ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΗ⚠️

1 Παρουσίαση αρχικών δεδομένων

xx
5.150232
5.765711
3.261138
2.696714
4.509085
4.567265
4.433070
4.493653
2.613701
4.838545
3.935407
4.432776
4.646230
2.907187
2.723106
4.839040
4.659102
4.413193
4.919173
3.336579
4.154780
5.390422
3.939744
2.435161
4.779007
5.300906
3.953853
3.202607
3.705465
5.803623
3.774583
4.944862
3.047474
3.713975
3.905172
5.110860
5.047414
4.000312
6.055730
4.967587
5.155701
5.319607
5.444561
4.970835
3.298654
4.001028
5.742954
3.394648
2.182896
3.012809
3.402937
3.740005
3.196218
3.820185
4.692354
1.942136
5.006047
4.935042
4.335435
4.173629
4.838742
5.074197
3.457846
4.279191
4.647702
4.136739
3.696026
5.348789
4.374016
6.029206
3.207579
5.651845
3.692674
4.139354
3.751767
5.682899
3.053433
4.087683
5.875262
4.512434
3.554464
4.506821
5.302745
4.561771
4.459406
3.159137
4.621624
2.463788
4.642841
2.992855
2.445916
2.992256
3.370626
4.029448
4.745299
3.112958
4.335139
3.422261
2.771187
4.225377
Loading required package: ggplot2

dataPloth <- ggplot(myDatax, aes(x=xx))
dataPloth +
  geom_histogram(aes(y = after_stat(density))) +
  geom_density(linewidth = 1, alpha = 0.6, fill = "green")
`stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value `binwidth`.

2 Προσθέσεις - αφαιρέσεις

x xSYN3
5.150232 8.150232
5.765711 8.765711
3.261138 6.261138
2.696714 5.696714
4.509085 7.509085
4.567265 7.567265
4.433070 7.433070
4.493653 7.493653
2.613701 5.613701
4.838545 7.838545
3.935407 6.935407
4.432776 7.432776
4.646230 7.646230
2.907187 5.907187
2.723106 5.723106
4.839040 7.839040
4.659102 7.659102
4.413193 7.413193
4.919173 7.919173
3.336579 6.336579
4.154780 7.154780
5.390422 8.390422
3.939744 6.939744
2.435161 5.435161
4.779007 7.779007
5.300906 8.300906
3.953853 6.953853
3.202607 6.202607
3.705465 6.705465
5.803623 8.803623
3.774583 6.774583
4.944862 7.944862
3.047474 6.047473
3.713975 6.713975
3.905172 6.905172
5.110860 8.110860
5.047414 8.047413
4.000312 7.000312
6.055730 9.055730
4.967587 7.967587
5.155701 8.155701
5.319607 8.319607
5.444561 8.444561
4.970835 7.970835
3.298654 6.298654
4.001028 7.001028
5.742954 8.742954
3.394648 6.394648
2.182896 5.182896
3.012809 6.012809
3.402937 6.402937
3.740005 6.740005
3.196218 6.196218
3.820185 6.820185
4.692354 7.692354
1.942136 4.942136
5.006047 8.006047
4.935042 7.935042
4.335435 7.335435
4.173629 7.173629
4.838742 7.838742
5.074197 8.074197
3.457846 6.457846
4.279191 7.279191
4.647702 7.647702
4.136739 7.136739
3.696026 6.696026
5.348789 8.348789
4.374016 7.374016
6.029206 9.029206
3.207579 6.207579
5.651845 8.651845
3.692674 6.692674
4.139354 7.139354
3.751767 6.751767
5.682899 8.682899
3.053433 6.053433
4.087683 7.087683
5.875262 8.875262
4.512434 7.512434
3.554464 6.554464
4.506821 7.506821
5.302745 8.302745
4.561771 7.561771
4.459406 7.459406
3.159137 6.159137
4.621624 7.621624
2.463788 5.463788
4.642841 7.642841
2.992855 5.992855
2.445916 5.445916
2.992256 5.992256
3.370626 6.370626
4.029448 7.029448
4.745299 7.745299
3.112958 6.112959
4.335139 7.335139
3.422261 6.422261
2.771187 5.771187
4.225377 7.225377
x xPLIN1
5.150232 4.1502324
5.765711 4.7657113
3.261138 2.2611384
2.696714 1.6967143
4.509085 3.5090852
4.567265 3.5672652
4.433070 3.4330696
4.493653 3.4936526
2.613701 1.6137012
4.838545 3.8385453
3.935407 2.9354070
4.432776 3.4327757
4.646230 3.6462300
2.907187 1.9071866
2.723106 1.7231061
4.839040 3.8390404
4.659102 3.6591023
4.413193 3.4131934
4.919173 3.9191726
3.336579 2.3365789
4.154780 3.1547797
5.390422 4.3904223
3.939744 2.9397441
2.435161 1.4351613
4.779007 3.7790068
5.300906 4.3009058
3.953853 2.9538528
3.202607 2.2026068
3.705465 2.7054650
5.803623 4.8036226
3.774583 2.7745827
4.944862 3.9448615
3.047474 2.0474735
3.713975 2.7139753
3.905172 2.9051723
5.110860 4.1108598
5.047414 4.0474135
4.000312 3.0003122
6.055730 5.0557301
4.967587 3.9675871
5.155701 4.1557014
5.319607 4.3196068
5.444561 4.4445612
4.970835 3.9708351
3.298654 2.2986537
4.001028 3.0010284
5.742954 4.7429536
3.394648 2.3946483
2.182896 1.1828962
3.012809 2.0128088
3.402937 2.4029370
3.740005 2.7400048
3.196218 2.1962181
3.820185 2.8201854
4.692354 3.6923536
1.942136 0.9421357
5.006047 4.0060474
4.935042 3.9350420
4.335435 3.3354347
4.173629 3.1736294
4.838742 3.8387424
5.074197 4.0741971
3.457846 2.4578456
4.279191 3.2791909
4.647702 3.6477022
4.136739 3.1367390
3.696026 2.6960262
5.348789 4.3487889
4.374016 3.3740161
6.029206 5.0292061
3.207579 2.2075792
5.651845 4.6518448
3.692674 2.6926744
4.139354 3.1393542
3.751767 2.7517672
5.682899 4.6828992
3.053433 2.0534333
4.087683 3.0876834
5.875262 4.8752620
4.512434 3.5124342
3.554464 2.5544638
4.506821 3.5068209
5.302745 4.3027452
4.561771 3.5617708
4.459406 3.4594062
3.159137 2.1591374
4.621624 3.6216240
2.463788 1.4637878
4.642841 3.6428408
2.992855 1.9928550
2.445916 1.4459162
2.992256 1.9922557
3.370626 2.3706259
4.029448 3.0294476
4.745299 3.7452992
3.112958 2.1129585
4.335139 3.3351389
3.422261 2.4222607
2.771187 1.7711866
4.225377 3.2253772

3 Πολλαπλασιασμοί - διαιρέσεις

x xEPI2
5.150232 10.300465
5.765711 11.531423
3.261138 6.522277
2.696714 5.393428
4.509085 9.018170
4.567265 9.134530
4.433070 8.866139
4.493653 8.987305
2.613701 5.227402
4.838545 9.677091
3.935407 7.870814
4.432776 8.865551
4.646230 9.292460
2.907187 5.814373
2.723106 5.446212
4.839040 9.678081
4.659102 9.318205
4.413193 8.826387
4.919173 9.838345
3.336579 6.673158
4.154780 8.309560
5.390422 10.780845
3.939744 7.879488
2.435161 4.870323
4.779007 9.558013
5.300906 10.601812
3.953853 7.907705
3.202607 6.405214
3.705465 7.410930
5.803623 11.607245
3.774583 7.549165
4.944862 9.889723
3.047474 6.094947
3.713975 7.427951
3.905172 7.810345
5.110860 10.221720
5.047414 10.094827
4.000312 8.000624
6.055730 12.111460
4.967587 9.935174
5.155701 10.311403
5.319607 10.639214
5.444561 10.889122
4.970835 9.941670
3.298654 6.597307
4.001028 8.002057
5.742954 11.485907
3.394648 6.789297
2.182896 4.365792
3.012809 6.025618
3.402937 6.805874
3.740005 7.480010
3.196218 6.392436
3.820185 7.640371
4.692354 9.384707
1.942136 3.884271
5.006047 10.012095
4.935042 9.870084
4.335435 8.670869
4.173629 8.347259
4.838742 9.677485
5.074197 10.148394
3.457846 6.915691
4.279191 8.558382
4.647702 9.295404
4.136739 8.273478
3.696026 7.392053
5.348789 10.697578
4.374016 8.748032
6.029206 12.058412
3.207579 6.415159
5.651845 11.303690
3.692674 7.385349
4.139354 8.278709
3.751767 7.503534
5.682899 11.365798
3.053433 6.106867
4.087683 8.175367
5.875262 11.750524
4.512434 9.024868
3.554464 7.108928
4.506821 9.013642
5.302745 10.605490
4.561771 9.123541
4.459406 8.918812
3.159137 6.318275
4.621624 9.243248
2.463788 4.927575
4.642841 9.285682
2.992855 5.985710
2.445916 4.891832
2.992256 5.984511
3.370626 6.741252
4.029448 8.058895
4.745299 9.490598
3.112958 6.225917
4.335139 8.670278
3.422261 6.844521
2.771187 5.542373
4.225377 8.450754
x xDIA3
5.150232 1.7167441
5.765711 1.9219038
3.261138 1.0870461
2.696714 0.8989048
4.509085 1.5030284
4.567265 1.5224217
4.433070 1.4776899
4.493653 1.4978842
2.613701 0.8712337
4.838545 1.6128484
3.935407 1.3118023
4.432776 1.4775919
4.646230 1.5487433
2.907187 0.9690622
2.723106 0.9077020
4.839040 1.6130135
4.659102 1.5530341
4.413193 1.4710645
4.919173 1.6397242
3.336579 1.1121930
4.154780 1.3849266
5.390422 1.7968074
3.939744 1.3132480
2.435161 0.8117204
4.779007 1.5930023
5.300906 1.7669686
3.953853 1.3179509
3.202607 1.0675356
3.705465 1.2351550
5.803623 1.9345409
3.774583 1.2581942
4.944862 1.6482872
3.047474 1.0158245
3.713975 1.2379918
3.905172 1.3017241
5.110860 1.7036199
5.047414 1.6824712
4.000312 1.3334374
6.055730 2.0185767
4.967587 1.6558624
5.155701 1.7185671
5.319607 1.7732023
5.444561 1.8148537
4.970835 1.6569450
3.298654 1.0995512
4.001028 1.3336761
5.742954 1.9143179
3.394648 1.1315494
2.182896 0.7276321
3.012809 1.0042696
3.402937 1.1343123
3.740005 1.2466683
3.196218 1.0654060
3.820185 1.2733951
4.692354 1.5641179
1.942136 0.6473786
5.006047 1.6686825
4.935042 1.6450140
4.335435 1.4451449
4.173629 1.3912098
4.838742 1.6129141
5.074197 1.6913990
3.457846 1.1526152
4.279191 1.4263970
4.647702 1.5492341
4.136739 1.3789130
3.696026 1.2320087
5.348789 1.7829296
4.374016 1.4580054
6.029206 2.0097354
3.207579 1.0691931
5.651845 1.8839483
3.692674 1.2308915
4.139354 1.3797847
3.751767 1.2505891
5.682899 1.8942997
3.053433 1.0178111
4.087683 1.3625611
5.875262 1.9584207
4.512434 1.5041447
3.554464 1.1848213
4.506821 1.5022736
5.302745 1.7675817
4.561771 1.5205903
4.459406 1.4864687
3.159137 1.0530458
4.621624 1.5405413
2.463788 0.8212626
4.642841 1.5476136
2.992855 0.9976183
2.445916 0.8153054
2.992256 0.9974186
3.370626 1.1235420
4.029448 1.3431492
4.745299 1.5817664
3.112958 1.0376528
4.335139 1.4450463
3.422261 1.1407536
2.771187 0.9237289
4.225377 1.4084591
x xEPIplin2
5.150232 -10.300465
5.765711 -11.531423
3.261138 -6.522277
2.696714 -5.393428
4.509085 -9.018170
4.567265 -9.134530
4.433070 -8.866139
4.493653 -8.987305
2.613701 -5.227402
4.838545 -9.677091
3.935407 -7.870814
4.432776 -8.865551
4.646230 -9.292460
2.907187 -5.814373
2.723106 -5.446212
4.839040 -9.678081
4.659102 -9.318205
4.413193 -8.826387
4.919173 -9.838345
3.336579 -6.673158
4.154780 -8.309560
5.390422 -10.780845
3.939744 -7.879488
2.435161 -4.870323
4.779007 -9.558013
5.300906 -10.601812
3.953853 -7.907705
3.202607 -6.405214
3.705465 -7.410930
5.803623 -11.607245
3.774583 -7.549165
4.944862 -9.889723
3.047474 -6.094947
3.713975 -7.427951
3.905172 -7.810345
5.110860 -10.221720
5.047414 -10.094827
4.000312 -8.000624
6.055730 -12.111460
4.967587 -9.935174
5.155701 -10.311403
5.319607 -10.639214
5.444561 -10.889122
4.970835 -9.941670
3.298654 -6.597307
4.001028 -8.002057
5.742954 -11.485907
3.394648 -6.789297
2.182896 -4.365792
3.012809 -6.025618
3.402937 -6.805874
3.740005 -7.480010
3.196218 -6.392436
3.820185 -7.640371
4.692354 -9.384707
1.942136 -3.884271
5.006047 -10.012095
4.935042 -9.870084
4.335435 -8.670869
4.173629 -8.347259
4.838742 -9.677485
5.074197 -10.148394
3.457846 -6.915691
4.279191 -8.558382
4.647702 -9.295404
4.136739 -8.273478
3.696026 -7.392053
5.348789 -10.697578
4.374016 -8.748032
6.029206 -12.058412
3.207579 -6.415159
5.651845 -11.303690
3.692674 -7.385349
4.139354 -8.278709
3.751767 -7.503534
5.682899 -11.365798
3.053433 -6.106867
4.087683 -8.175367
5.875262 -11.750524
4.512434 -9.024868
3.554464 -7.108928
4.506821 -9.013642
5.302745 -10.605490
4.561771 -9.123541
4.459406 -8.918812
3.159137 -6.318275
4.621624 -9.243248
2.463788 -4.927575
4.642841 -9.285682
2.992855 -5.985710
2.445916 -4.891832
2.992256 -5.984511
3.370626 -6.741252
4.029448 -8.058895
4.745299 -9.490598
3.112958 -6.225917
4.335139 -8.670278
3.422261 -6.844521
2.771187 -5.542373
4.225377 -8.450754